Ancient Greece - 336-323 BCE Kingdom of Macedon Alexander III Stater NGC Choice XF

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM. Alexander (the Great)  III (336-323 BCE). AV Stater. NGC Choice XF Strike: 4/5 Surface: 3/5. Issue of Colophon, ca. 319-310 BCE, honoring Alexander after his death. Obverse presents head of Athena right, wavy hair flowing loose with curled ends and over left shoulder, wearing necklace and triple-crested Corinthian helmet pushed back on head, short curled crest ends, the bowl decorated with coiled serpent right. Reverse AΛEΞANΔPOY, Nike advancing left, wreath in outstretched right hand, stylis cradled in left arm; wreath behind Nike near ground.

Alexander on a mosaic from Pompeii, an alleged reproduction of a Philoxenus of Eretria or Apelles' painting.

It was in 336 BCE that Alexander became ruler of Macedonia after the murder of his father Philip II. Situated in the northeastern region of modern Greece, ancient Macedonia had become powerful under Philip II. Despite being only 20 years old, Alexander launched a massive military campaign against the Persian Empire.

The area of controversy between the Greeks and Persians was Asia Minor (modern day Turkey before the arrival of the Turks). Most of the coastal cities of Asia Minor were populated by Greek-speaking people, however they were ruled by the Persians. Thus Alexander invaded Asia Minor to free the Greeks and push out the Persians. The armies of Alexander swooped down into Egypt and then circled back, swallowing up land from there to India. Every army that faced the forces of Alexander was defeated for 13 years. However, while traveling back home to Macedonia through Babylon, Alexander died at the age of 33 in 323 BCE.